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Women and the LGBT community in Russia and Turkey face pervasive discrimination. Only a small percentage dare to challenge their mistreatment in court. Facing domestic police and judges who often refuse to recognize discrimination, a small minority of activists have exhausted their domestic appeals and then turned to their last hope: the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The ECtHR, located in Strasbourg, France, is widely regarded as the most effective international human rights court in existence. Russian citizens whose rights have been violated at home have brought tens of thousands of cases to the ECtHR over the past two decades. But only one of these cases resulted in a finding of gender discrimination by the ECtHR-and that case was brought by a man. By comparison, the Court has found gender discrimination more frequently in decisions on Turkish cases. Courting Gender Justice explores the obstacles that confront citizens, activists, and lawyers who try to bring gender discrimination cases to court. To shed light on the factors that make rare victories possible in discrimination cases, the book draws comparisons among forms of discrimination faced by women and LGBT people in Russia and Turkey. Based on interviews with human rights and feminist activists and lawyers in Russia and Turkey, this engaging book grounds the law in the personal experiences of individual people fighting to defend their rights.

Social sciences --- Women --- lesbian --- Turkey --- bisexual --- human rights --- discrimination --- LGBT --- gay --- transgender --- Russia

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Finance & Development, June 2018.

Money and Monetary Policy --- Taxation --- Industries: Financial Services --- Diseases: Contagious --- Automation --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Health Behavior --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Distributed ledgers --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Labour --- income economics --- Virtual currencies --- Currencies --- Communicable diseases --- Tax avoidance --- Technology --- Financial services industry --- Technological innovations --- Money --- Tax evasion --- Japan

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'Wising Up to the Costs of Aging' looks at how falling fertility and rising life expectancy have combined to threaten the ability of many countries to provide a decent standard of living for the old without imposing a crushing burden on the young. In our lead article, Ronald Lee and Andrew Mason say that while population aging in rich industrial countries as well as in some middle- and lower-income countries will challenge public and private budgets in many ways, a combination of reduced consumption, postponed retirement, increased asset holdings, and greater investment in human capital should make it possible to meet this challenge without catastrophic consequences. Neil Howe and Richard Jackson publish a fascinating ranking of which countries are best and worst prepared to meet the needs of the growing wave of retirees. We also have articles on a broad range of current topics, including Middle East unemployment, the economic repercussions of the earthquake and devastating tsunami in Japan, and banking in offshore financial centers such as the Cayman Islands. Carmen Reinhart and Jacob Kirkegaard look at how governments are finding ways to manipulate markets to hold down the cost of financing huge public debts, and, in Straight Talk, the IMF’s Min Zhu talks about the long-term challenges now facing emerging markets. Prakash Loungani speaks to Nobel Prize winner George Akerlof, and we discuss with three other laureates-Michael Spence, Joseph Stiglitz, and Robert Solow-what the global economic crisis has taught us. Back to Basics explains economic models, and Picture This highlights the great variations in the cost of sending money back home.

Agriculture - China - Finance. --- Banks and Banking --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Foreign Exchange --- Population & demography --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public debt --- Population aging --- Debts, Public --- Interest rates --- Financial services industry --- United States

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Ethnology --- Minorities --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Minorités --- Encyclopedias --- Encyclopedies --- Encyclopédies --- #KVHA:Rusland; volkeren --- Etnische groepen --- Etnologie --- Minderheden --- Rusland --- encyclopedieën --- zeden en gebruiken --- encyclopedieën. --- Minorités --- Encyclopédies --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Russia (Federation) --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Social life and customs --- Encyclopedias. --- Encyclopedieën. --- Zeden en gebruiken --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)